The paper examines the control of functional characteristics, particularly electronic transport properties, in inhomogeneous surface nanostructures of a topological class on a solid substrate, with a focus on enhancing electrical conductivity and controlling its modes in cluster-type metal-carbon composites. From the perspective of general solid-state physics, particularly for granular metals, the discussion centers on structural microcrystalline defects, specifically at the nanoscale in this case. The study involves the modeling of the formation of such systems with nanocluster structures within the context of digital materials science, demonstrating several experimental results. This is done under conditions of introducing nanotubes into a non-conductive matrix as additives with an optimal concentration, or conversely, introducing metal atoms (typically noble metals) into a nanotube system. A two-stage process is considered, involving laser ablation of various targets, including the initial stage of obtaining nanoparticles and nanoclusters with a sufficiently large number of atoms in colloidal systems in specific liquids. In the second stage, subsequent deposition onto a solid, usually dielectric, surface is implemented to create a matrix with the desired geometry and specified nanocluster topology. The studied effects and the possibility of controlling them using laser methods hold great promise for the development of micro- and nanoelectronics components and systems based on new physical principles. Trends and tendencies in the synthesis of hightemperature superconducting states in topological structures of various classes are also discussed.