jamtJournal of Advanced Materials and TechnologiesJournal of Advanced Materials and Technologies2782-21922782-2206ФГБОУ ВО «ТГТУ»10.17277/jamt.2024.04.pp.312-325jamt-44Research ArticleСовременные конструкционные материалы, материалы для экстремальных условийAdvanced structural materials, materials for extreme conditionsДесорбция газов из материалов катодов в электровакуумных приборах в процессе производстваDesorption of gases from cathode materials in electrovacuum devices during the production processhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-4173-9227ПаращукА. В.ParashchukA. V.

Паращук Анастасия Владиславовна, аспирант

Институтский пер., 9, Долгопрудный, 141701

Anastasia V. Parashchuk, Postgraduate Student

9, Institutsky Ln., Dolgoprudny, 141701

 

parashchuk.av@mipt.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-4797ШешинЕ. П.ShehinE. P.

Шешин Евгений Павлович, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заместительзаведующего кафедрой

Институтский пер., 9, Долгопрудный, 141701

Evgeniy P. Shehin, D. Sc. (Phys. and Math.), Professor,Deputy Head of the Department

9, Institutsky Ln., Dolgoprudny, 141701

ШумановА. В.ShumanovA. V.

Шуманов Алексей Владимирович, начальникотделения катодно-вакуумных систем

ул. Нижняя Сыромятническая, 11, Москва, 105120

Aleksey V. Shumanov, Head of the Department ofCathode-vacuum systems

11, Nizhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya St., Moscow, 105120

Московский физико-технический институт (национальный исследовательский университет)РоссияMoscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT)Russian FederationАО «Плутон»РоссияJSC "Pluton"Russian Federation20241302202694312325Copyright © Паращук А.В., Шешин Е.П., Шуманов А.В., 20262026Паращук А.В., Шешин Е.П., Шуманов А.В.Parashchuk A.V., Shehin E.P., Shumanov A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://jamt.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/44

Десорбция газов из материалов катодов в электровакуумных приборах (ЭВП) является одной из ключевых проблем в процессе производства, оказывающей существенное влияние на производительность и долговечность таких устройств, как магнетроны, рентгеновские трубки и вакуумные усилители. К примеру, очищение поверхностей деталей ЭВП в процессе производства неизбежно влечет за собой их реакции с компонентами воздуха после извлечения из зоны обработки, а процесс обезгаживающего нагрева во время откачки нередко способствует дополнительному усложнению структуры и химического состава поверхностного слоя, поскольку примеси, диффундирующие к поверхности, могут вызвать появление новых веществ. Поэтому даже при выборе материалов катодов, деталей внутренней арматуры ЭВП руководствуются способностью материала быстро удалять газы, сохранять прочность при высоких температурах и обладать высокой химической устойчивостью. Приведен подробный анализ современных методов ускорения десорбции, механизмов этого процесса и их расчетных основ, включая известные физические законы и модели адсорбции и десорбции. Оценены перспективные подходы к улучшению качества катодов на разных этапах их производства, с акцентом на использование новых материалов и технологий. Проанализированы расчеты, подтверждающие эффективность предложенных решений, а также влияние различных факторов на минимизацию влияния процессов десорбции и повышение долговечности катодов в ЭВП.

Desorption of gases from cathode materials in electrovacuum devices (EVDs) is one of the key problems in the production process, which has a significant impact on the performance and durability of devices such as magnetrons, X-ray tubes and vacuum amplifiers. For example, cleaning the surfaces of EVD parts during production inevitably entails their reactions with air components after extraction from the processing zone, and the process of degassing heating during pumping often contributes to an additional complication of the structure and chemical composition of the surface layer, since impurities diffusing to the surface can cause the appearance of new substances. Therefore, even when choosing cathode materials or parts of internal fittings, EVDs are guided by the ability of the material to quickly remove gases, maintain strength at high temperatures and have high chemical resistance. The present paper is a detailed analysis of modern methods of desorption acceleration, the mechanisms of this process and their computational basis, including known physical laws and models of adsorption and desorption. Promising approaches to improving the quality of cathodes at different stages of their production, with an emphasis on the use of new materials and technologies, are evaluated. Calculations confirming the effectiveness of the proposed solutions are analyzed, as well as the influence of various factors on minimizing the impact of desorption processes and increasing the durability of cathodes in EVDs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.