Влияние ультрамелкозернистой структуры на свариваемость в твердофазном состоянии и формуемость дисперсионно-твердеющих суперсплавов на основе никеля

   Показано, что формирование в суперсплаве ЭК61 ультрамелкозернистой (УМЗ) структуры смешанного типа обеспечивает проявление эффекта низкотемпературной сверхпластичности, который может быть успешно реализован в инновационном технологическом процессе сварки давлением для получения твердофазных соединений (ТФС) в сочетании суперсплавов ЭК61 и ЭП975, характеризующихся различным типом упрочняющей фазы. По результатам энергодисперсионного анализа установлено, что в процессе сварки давлением в вакууме в температурно-скоростных условиях низкотемпературной сверхпластичности (Т = 850 °С, ε = 10^–4 с^–1) между соединяемыми сплавами ЭК61 и ЭП975 в результате протекания процессов взаимной диффузии легирующих элементов формируется узкая переходная зона диффузионного взаимодействия, ширина которой составляет 3 мкм. Изучено влияние термической обработки на изменение фазового состава в зоне ТФС и его прочность в сварных образцах в сочетании суперсплавов ЭК61//ЭП975. Показано, что термическая обработка приводит к расширению зоны диффузионного взаимодействия в 4,6 раза (от 3 до 14 мкм). По результатам механических испытаний на растяжение при комнатной температуре установлено, что прочность сварных образцов после сварки давлением достигает величины 0,8 от прочности соединяемого сплава ЭК61, а после термической обработки сохраняется на том же уровне. Исследовано влияние степени деформации наь изменение микроструктуры и микротвердости листовых заготовок из сплава ЭК61 с УМЗ структурой, подвергнутых формовке в цилиндрическую матрицу в условиях низкотемпературной сверхпластичности. Установлено, что после сверхпластической формовки (СПФ) в модельных отформованных образцах сохраняется однородная равноосная УМЗ структура дуплексного типа, параметры которой и значения микротвердости сохраняются на одном уровне после различных степеней деформации при формовке.

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