Получение углеродных мембран из полиакрилонитрильных полых волокон методом ИК-пиролиза

Предложен новый подход к получению углеродных мембран при помощи ИК-пиролиза половолоконных мембран из полиакрилонитрила (ПАН) и сополимеров акрилонитрила с метилакрилатом  (ПАН-МА) и итаконовой кислотой (ПАН-ИА). Предложенный способ включает термостабилизацию мембран при 250 °С и последующий ИК-пиролиз. Установлено, что половолоконные мембраны, изготовленные из ПАН-ИА  и ПАН, наименее подвержены разрушению при повышении температуры. Для образцов на основе ПАН-МА деформация половолоконных мембран в результате ИК-пиролиза регистрируется при температурах выше  200…300 °С. Исследование структуры углеродных мембран методом растровой электронной микроскопии выявило, что использование глицерина в качестве импрегнирующего агента (независимо от химического состава сополимеров акрилонитрила) приводит к менее регулярной и более дефектной структуре получаемых углеродных мембран. Установлено, что термостабилизация при 250 °С сохраняет структурную целостность и способствует получению механически стабильных углеродных мембран. Методом ИК-спектроскопии доказано, что  ИК-излучение способствует существенному преобразованию структуры полимера. Показано, что 15-минутной предварительной обработки и пятиминутного пиролиза достаточно для эффективной стабилизации структуры мембраны.

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