Исследование кристаллической структуры, морфологических и дисперсионных свойств углеродных составляющих коллоидных препаратов на основе природного графита и сажи

Представлены результаты сопоставительного исследования кристаллической структуры углеродных составляющих нанодисперсных жидких коллоидных препаратов на основе естественного природного графита (ЕГ) и сажи, полученных методом измельчения в сочетании с химическим расщеплением (окисление смесью азотной и серной кислот). Для исследуемых образцов определяли особенности структурного строения, средний размер частиц, электропроводность и коэффициент диффузного отражения. В результате исследований установлено существование принципиальных различий как по структуре углеродных составляющих коллоидных растворов на основе ЕГ и сажи, так и по свойствам изготовленных из них покрытий. В случае ЕГ – это нанодисперсный графит, даже после измельчения и химического расщепления, сохраняющий структуру исходного ЕГ. Несмотря на разрушение исходных кристаллитов по базисным плоскостям, образования малослойных, графеновых частиц не происходит, и образовавшиеся частицы представляют собой нанокристаллиты ЕГ и имеют трехмерно упорядоченную структуру. Углеродная составляющая сажевого коллоидного раствора также является нанодисперсным поликристаллическим графитоподобным материалом, однако имеет турбостратную структуру, присущую исходной саже. Структурные различия приводят к принципиальной разнице в свойствах покрытий, полученных из коллоидных растворов на основе ЕГ и сажи по поверхностному электросопротивлению (5,10 и 55600 кОм/кв. соответственно). Для ЕГ отражательная способность покрытий при угле наклона светового луча 60° составляла (3,0 – 5,0 %). Однако для сажи отражательная способность покрытий при угле наклона светового луча 60° составляла 0,2 – 0,3 %, что является аномально низким для углеродных материалов.

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